How to read this page
- Each study below tested its ingredient on its own, at the dose listed.
- We list each study’s population, dose and length, and note where our dose differs.
- We cite studies in healthy adults. Results are averages; individual experience varies.
AM packet · Learn
Lion’s Mane mushroom
1,800 mg
Hericium erinaceus. A culinary mushroom studied for memory and processing speed. We compared the main forms of Lion’s Mane, from fruiting body powders to mycelium and dual extracts, and how each is delivered. We chose SO-DSX1 because it is the blend tested in healthy adults, so we can match the study exactly: the same ingredient at the same 1.8 g a day. It combines both parts of the mushroom: the fruiting body, a source of hericenones, and the mycelium, the main source of erinacine A.
Docherty et al., Nutrients, 2023
41 healthy adults aged 18–45 · 1.8 g/day · 28 days. Faster performance on an attention task (the Stroop test) within an hour of a single dose.
Citicoline (Cognizin®)
500 mg
A form of choline the brain uses to build cell membranes and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Our 500 mg matches the memory and brain-energy studies.
Cocoa flavanols
500 mg flavanols
Plant compounds from the cocoa bean studied for blood flow and memory. Delivered as a concentrated extract, not chocolate.
Brickman et al. (COSMOS-Web), PNAS, 2023
More than 3,500 healthy older adults · 500 mg flavanols/day · 3 years. Slight improvement overall; people with low-flavanol diets improved memory scores about 10% more than placebo after one year.
Same daily amount as the largest trial to date.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone, a compound studied for supporting the growth of new mitochondria, the parts of cells that produce energy.
Itoh, Nakano and colleagues, 2016–2023
Small trials in middle-aged and older adults · about 20 mg/day · 12 weeks. Improvements in attention and memory measures. Most were funded by the ingredient’s maker.
Same dose as the studies. The evidence is promising but early.
An antioxidant included to support the AM formula. Kept in its own capsule.
PM packet · Store
Magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®)
2,000 mg
A form of magnesium developed to raise magnesium levels in the brain. Provides 144 mg of elemental magnesium.
Our dose is higher than both studies. The memory study tested Magtein combined with other nutrients.
An amino acid from tea leaves, studied for relaxation and sleep quality.
Hidese et al., Nutrients, 2019
30 healthy adults · 200 mg/day · 4 weeks. Better sleep quality and lower stress scores versus placebo, with improved verbal fluency.
Same dose as the study.
Bacopa monnieri. A standardized herbal extract with one of the larger bodies of memory research. Effects build over weeks.
Morgan & Stevens, 2010
81 healthy adults aged 55+ · 300 mg/day · 12 weeks. Improved verbal learning and delayed recall versus placebo. Some participants had mild stomach upset, which is why we suggest taking the PM packet with a snack.
Same dose as both studies.
Crocus sativus stigma extract, standardized. Studied for sleep quality.
Lopresti et al., Sleep Medicine, 2021
120 healthy adults aged 18–70 with poor sleep · 14 or 28 mg taken 1 hour before bed · 28 days. Better sleep quality and mood on waking, and higher evening melatonin, versus placebo.
Same dose and timing as the study, which is why the PM packet is taken 1 hour before bed.
Both packets
Creatine monohydrate
5 g · 2 g AM, 3 g PM
A compound your brain uses as a ready energy reserve. Best known for muscle, it’s increasingly studied for memory, especially when sleep is short.
Most studies used 3 to 5 g a day.
